The loud sounds of fireworks, thunder, and gunshots can cause dogs lasting fear and anxiety. New Year’s Eve and the 4th of July celebrations can worsen the problem. Noise pollution from urban development and technologies, such as smartphones, adds to the problem.
Dogs typically start fearing noises in their first or second year of life, and this fear can worsen as they age. If an older dog suddenly develops a sensitivity to noise, it might indicate discomfort, such as neck, back, or shoulder pain, and a thorough examination by a veterinarian may be needed.
Genetics can influence noise sensitivity. Some breeds are more affected by noise than others. However, mixed-breed dogs can also be sensitive, suggesting that environmental factors, such as early experiences and exposure to sudden and frightening noises, play a significant role. Dogs from shelters or found as strays may have different socialization experiences compared to purebred dogs, typically raised by breeders who understand the importance of early socialization. Raising puppies in a home environment and gradually exposing them to common sounds can reduce their fear of noise as adults.
Treatment for noise-sensitive dogs first involves minimizing their exposure to scary noises through environmental management. Have available a safe, quiet space for your dog to seek out during noisy events, such as a comfortable, covered crate or an interior room. Masking outside sounds with music or noise machines blocks out noises, allowing your dog to relax. You can distract your dog with food, games, or by practicing familiar behaviors during noisy events. Behavior modification, and sometimes medication, may still be needed.
Comforting your dog may help reduce their stress level. Feeding and playing with them during noise events has been shown to create positive associations and reduce a dog’s fear. Various calming products and noise-dampening tools are available, but their effectiveness can vary. Some products, like pheromones and pressure vests, have mixed results. Prescription medications can be effective, but the choice of medication should be individualized to your dog’s needs.
Behavior modification techniques can help your dog cope better with noises. Desensitization involves gradually exposing your dog to a frightening noise at a low intensity and slowly increasing the volume over time. Counter-conditioning pairs the noise with high-value rewards like treats, toys, or play. Recordings of fireworks or thunderstorms can be used for behavior modification, but real-life noises are often more effective because they include other sensory stimuli, such as the smell of rain, the sound of thunder, and the sight of lightning.
Staying calm and relaxed when potentially startling stimuli occur can also help, as dogs respond to human behaviors and emotions. Noise sensitivities and phobias can be managed and treated with environmental management, behavior modification, and medication. Early socialization and training help prevent these fears from developing. If your dog is experiencing noise sensitivity, consult your veterinarian to rule out potential medical causes and determine if medication would be beneficial.
